If there is been one particular immutable rule all through American tv background, it's been local news. Almost from the moment the station initially signed on air, they began carrying neighborhood information exactly where athletics normally played A significant position. An absence of consistent programming sources in these early several years led lots of stations to show to sports to fill their broadcasting schedules. Ny's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball recreation ("NBC Heritage", 2003). When acquiring nearby newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally involved sporting activities and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG commenced its very first complete-time news Section in Orlando. Newscasts include Frank Vaught's sporting activities experiences ("The record of," 2003).
Athletics have held a dominant placement in nearby information broadcasting for various several years, but current field tendencies have referred to as into question this situation. Segmented audiences, modifying demographics, and declining information profitability have forced the station to reexamine its area sports phase. “Athletics has become the very last regions of TV exactly where people do matters how they constantly have,” states television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Currently) a whole new strategy is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Task for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Changing channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Tv set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Dilemma for Nearby Television set Sports activities
None of the is Excellent news for your regional television athletics sector, which is ever more below scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its standard existence inside of area newscasts, sports activities have extensive been regarded a "tuning" variable. In line with a study through the Radio and tv Information Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers reported they had been 'incredibly interested' in sports activities and 32% were being 'relatively intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest while in the temperature. "Sports are really polarizing." said television news guide Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have revealed that Ladies are much a lot less considering athletics than Adult males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and lots of stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early night newscasts. In keeping with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a story when nobody is listening is just not a fantastic usage of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed the Activity, while some have reduced their allotted time. According to the day on the 7 days (weekends have far more athletics time), sporting activities segments have traditionally been given between three and 5 minutes of area information protection. Given that range is all the way down to a couple of moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Minimize enough time for sports activities by just 3 as well as a half minutes for three several hours of stories. Many others in the field have executed new strategies, for instance athletics stories that target much more on individuals than scores or cater to a broader news audience. "What we are endeavoring to do now's deal with sports as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We wish to do a thing over and above sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Tv set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Alterations in neighborhood sports activities may very well be a mirrored image from the large upheaval happening throughout broadcast information. When the athletics sector is not Harmless, what about other information components? CBS Team News Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) said, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far more immediate stage, changes while in the local athletics sector directly influence thousands of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that happen to be reducing their motivation to sporting activities may also be lessening their sports workforce stages, which impacts The work 스포츠중계 marketplace. One more news director explained, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two complete-time sportsmen to 1 whole-time, one accountable for the information a few days per week, and it had been a combat to remain there.”
Similarly essential, adjustments in how sporting activities are presented are forcing sports broadcasters to understand new procedures. Now not can sportscasters focus on scoring. They've got to generate the presentation additional partaking for normal admirers. This is also essential for journalism educational institutions across the nation, which should doc what stations want from the sporting activities sector and update their schooling curricula.
Will these variations do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the change in KDKA, “Permit’s reserve last judgment till September, once the Steelers, faculty, and highschool football seasons commence in earnest. Then the station will likely be . There is certainly an error in clock administration.”